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Alliance for Labor Action
The Alliance for Labor Action (ALA) was an American and Canadian national trade union center which existed from July 1968 until January 1972. Its two main members were the United Auto Workers (UAW) and the International Brotherhood of Teamsters, although it had some smaller affiliates.
==Formation and growth==
The Teamsters had been expelled from the AFL-CIO in 1957 for corruption.〔Sloane, Arthur A. ''Hoffa.'' Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1991. ISBN 0-262-19309-4.〕〔Witwer, David. ''Corruption and Reform in the Teamsters Union.'' Champaign, Ill.: University of Illinois Press, 2003. ISBN 0-252-02825-2〕 The UAW had disaffiliated from the AFL-CIO on July 1, 1968, after UAW President Walter Reuther and AFL-CIO President George Meany could not come to agreement on a wide range of policy issues or reforms to AFL-CIO governance.〔Lichtenstein, Nelson. ''The Most Dangerous Man in Detroit: Walter Reuther and the Fate of American Labor.'' Urbana, Ill.: University of Illinois Press, 1995. ISBN 0-252-06626-X〕 Although Teamsters president Frank Fitzsimmons was originally seen as a proxy for jailed Teamsters president Jimmy Hoffa, Fitzsimmons had begun taking a more leftist stand on a number of public policy issues.〔 Reuther was particularly impressed that Fitzsimmons had been the only other national labor leader present at the funeral of Martin Luther King, Jr.〔〔
On July 24, 1968, just days after the UAW disaffiliation, Fitzsimmons and Reuther formed the Alliance for Labor Action to organize unorganized workers and pursue leftist political and social projects.〔Janson, Donald. "U.A.W. and Teamsters Form Alliance." ''New York Times.'' July 24, 1968; Stetson, Damon. "2 Biggest Unions Set Up Alliance." ''New York Times.'' May 27, 1969.〕〔("Mr. Clean and the Outcast." ''Time.'' June 6, 1969. )〕 While Reuther himself remained active in the ALA, Fitzsimmons assigned Teamsters leader Harold J. Gibbons as his union's liaison.〔
Fitzsimmons and Reuther offered the AFL-CIO a no-raid pact as a first step toward building a working relationship between the competing trade union centers, but the offered was rejected.〔〔Flint, Jerry M. "No-Raiding Pact Offered Meany." ''New York Times.'' November 24, 1968.〕 AFL-CIO President George Meany denounced the ALA as a dual union, although Reuther argued it was not.〔〔 The ALA later passed a resolution permitting ALA members to raid AFL-CIO unions or organize in jurisdictions claimed by AFL-CIO unions if the AFL-CIO-affiliated union was not doing enough to organize workers into union.〔 Although Reuther had a lengthy list of unions he hoped would join the ALA, few did so.〔〔 In September 1968, the 110,000-member International Chemical Workers Union (now part of the United Food and Commercial Workers) affiliated with the ALA, and was expelled from the AFL-CIO a year later.〔"Chemical Workers Join Reuther Group." ''United Press International.'' September 19, 1968; Stetson, Damon. "A.F.L.-C.I.O. Expels the Chemical Workers for Ties to Reuther." ''New York Times.'' October 4, 1969.〕 Ten of the largest local unions (representing 40,000 members) belonging to the Retail, Wholesale and Department Store Union disaffiliated from that international union, formed a new union (the National Council of Distributive Workers of America), and joined the ALA.〔Stetson, Damon. "Local Union of Retail Workers Is Near Split With Parent Body." ''New York Times.'' March 21, 1969; "New Union Is Formed." ''Associated Press.'' May 25, 1969.〕 Although the United Rubber Workers and the Glass Workers both expressed official interest in joining the ALA, neither did so.〔Stetson, Damon. "Alliance of Teamsters and U.A.W. Poses Key Test for Reuther." ''New York Times.'' May 25, 1969.〕 The ALA's founding split the American Federation of Teachers, which debated joining but never formally considered such an act.〔Dewing, Rolland. "Is An NEA-AFT Merger Imminent?" ''Peabody Journal of Education.'' 47:1 (July 1969).〕
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